The world economy in 2017 “is picking up but not taking off,” a new report has cautioned against fiscal austerity and harnessing finance to support job creation and infrastructure investment.
A combination of “too much debt and too little demand at the global level has hampered sustained expansion of the world economy,” Mukhisa Kituyi, the Secretary-General of the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), said while launching the 2017 Trade and Development Report.
The world economic growth this year is expected to reach 2.6 per cent, slightly higher than last year, but still well below the pre-financial crisis average of 3.2 per cent, according to the report.
The report says most regions are expected to register small gains, with Latin America exiting recession and posting the biggest turnaround, even if only at 1.2 per cent growth. The Eurozone is expected to see a 1.8 per cent growth while the United States could witness 2.1 per cent.
Due to insufficient global demand, trade remains sluggish and only minor improvement is anticipated this year, primarily due to a recover in South-South trade (led by China).
The report notes that in the absence of a coordinated expansion led by the advanced economies, sustaining the limited global economic acceleration hinges on lasting improvements in emerging economies.
Besides, “debt explosion” and the rise of “super- elites” (loosely identified as the top 1 per cent) – two of the largest socioeconomic trends in recent times – could be linked through the deregulation of financial markets, to the widening ownership gap of financial assets and a fixation on short-term returns.
“As such, inequality and instability are hard-wired into hyper-globalization [making] for a world with insufficient levels of productive investment, precarious jobs and weakening welfare provision,” it noted, adding: “This has become self-perpetuating, with the run-up to a crisis driven by the ‘great escape’ of top incomes, while their aftermath is marked by austerity and stagnating incomes at the bottom.”
Other factors leading to growing anxiety include increased automation through employment of robotics as well as gender dimensions, including discrimination based on gender in the job market, as factors causing much worry in economies.
The report warns that failure to correct the excesses of hyper-globalization could not only jeopardize social cohesion but also diminishing trust in both markets as well as in political actors.
Drawing lessons from 1947, when the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the UN joined forces to rebalance the post-war global economy, the UNCTAD report calls for an equally ambitious and collaborative effort to tackle the inequities of hyper-globalization to build inclusive and sustainable economies.
“The successes of the New Deal of the 1930s in the United States owed much to its emphasis on counterbalancing powers and giving a voice to weaker groups in society, including consumer groups, workers’ organizations, farmers and the dispossessed poor,” said UNCTAD, stressing that the lesson still holds true today.
“In today’s integrated global economy, governments will need to act together for any one country to achieve success,” it added, urging countries to seize the opportunity offered by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and put in place a “global new deal” for the twenty-first century.
